A list of computers, I might talk about.
Last Up date:
2005 September 23
Anyone looking at this is probably interested in how computers evolved,
here are some of the
best links I have found.
The following is a list of Computers I have programmed or obtained
manuals for and written programs for. This is more or less in the order
that I encountered them:
- IBM 650 Took an evening class on while studying Meteorology
at University Utah.
- Burroughs Datatron 205 This was first computer at University
of Utah I was not there when it arrived; but I did get in on some pre
arrival training by Bob Albrecht out of the Denver Burroughs office.
- Burroughs E-101 Bob got me the manuals on this small desk
sized computer. It was programmed by putting pins into holes in a
removable panel. (Not truly a stored program computer.)
- IBM 704 was the hot thing at the time I went to England in
the Air Force. With some persistence I was able to get a manual from
IBM.
- Cyclone, at Iowa State was patterned after the ILLIAC; but
different enough that the software was different. This was the first
computer that I actually got to run programs on. I was a graduate
student. Myself and Bob Sharpe (A professor in the Electrical
Engineering Department) wrote virtually all the software for this
machine. The first were diagnostics to test out the instructions of the
machine, this was all done in hexadecimal. I wrote a program that
played music and was interviewed and played music for about 15 minutes
on NBC, in spring of 1961. Then we wrote an Assembler, SAR (Symbolic
Assembly Routine). I think I am unique in that the first Assembler I
used was written by me.
- IBM 1620 We planned to simulate this machine on the Cyclone
in hopes of being able to run the 1620 Fortran compiler. I got, from
IBM the Fortran on punched paper tape. Other fires burned brighter,
like floating point routines, and transcendental functions; so the
simulator never got completed.
- IBM 7090 This was the transistorized version of the 709 which
was an enhanced version of the IBM 704.
- IBM 7070 This was a decimal arithmetic machine (ten digit
words) with 100 index registers. While I was at Iowa State they planned
to get a 7070 and I was part of the customer training.
- IBM 1401 Used as a peripheral for the 7070, and the first
computer I was hired to program. First at Reynolds Electric (Prime
contractor for the Nevada AEC test site.) and then for the telephone
company in Las Vegas. This was the first computer that phone company
had.
- CDC 1604 This was the first computer that Control Data
marketed, although the small 160 probably got onto the market before it.
In theory the 160 was a peripheral for the 1604. We looked at this
while I was at Iowa State. In many ways it was an enhanced Cyclone.
- CDC 160A Just a latter 160
- IBM 1410 An enhanced version of the 1401 which Reynolds
planned to get, but I left there before it arrived.
- DEC PDP-1, PDP-4, PDP-5, PDP-7, PDP-8, and PDP-15. Digital
Equipment Corp. had a very simple naming scheme for their "Programmed
Data Processors". In fact the PDP-2 and PDP-3 were designed and aborted
before they were ever sold, but I did get a manual for a PDP-3.
(Possibly a collectors item, but I am not sure I could find it now.)
The PDP-1 was an 18-bit word machine, which was simplified and hence the
price lowered for the PDP-4. The PDP-5 was a 12-bit word machine which
was replaced by a cheaper and faster program compatible machine, the
PDP-8. The PDP-7 and PDP-15 were enhanced PDP-4's.
I programmed the communications front end on a PDP-8, supporting 64
telephone lines for the time sharing company that I worked for in
Boston. The main computer "behind" the PDP-8 was a CDC 3600.
- Honeywell 800 was a large machine competing with the IBM
7090. It's claim to fame, was superior tape drives, and 3 address
logic.
- SDS-910 and SDS-920 were powerful small computers in a single
19 inch wide cabinet. They had a very clever way of making the cheaper
910 run programs written for the larger 920. Scientific Data Systems
deserves credit (often given to IBM in their 360's) for Upward and
Downward compatibility. After they were bought by Xerox, Xerox's lack of
ability to market computers killed them and their great Sigma 7 and 5
which by design should have killed IBM's 360 line.
- RCA 301 When I left Nevada in 1963 and went to work for RCA
this was their workhorse, although the 3301 was supposed to be bigger
and greater. RCA's television engineering mentality kept them from ever
making a reliable computer. They went out of business in 1970 or 1971,
fortunately for the good of data processing.
I am just going to list the rest, for the time being:
- Burroughs B-5000
- Interdata 3
- Varian 620i
- HP 2116
- CCC 116
- DEC PDP-6
- IBM 360
- IBM 1130
- RCA Spectra 70
- SDS Sigma 7
- SDS Sigma 5
- DEC PDP-10
- Data General Nova
- Honeywell 316
- Honeywell 220
- CDC 3200
- DEC PDP-11
- CDC 3600
- IBM 370
- Intel 8008
- Interdata 7/32 Used in the Tektronix 4081 that I supported.
When I worked for Tektronix.
- Motorola 6800
- Mos Technology 6502
- Motorola 6801
- Motorola 68000
- Hewlett-Packard 3000
- Intel 8080
- Intel 8086 (IBM PC) family of personal computers used a cut
down version: 8088)
- Intel 80386 A supped up version of the 8086 with a wider data
buss and a crude extension to add 16 bits to the registers. This is what
the Pentium is today.)
- IBM/Motorola PowerPC 601 a great RISC architecture, that
Apple is trying to support; but IBM never introduced the personal
computer using this chip, they used the PowerPC in an overpriced work
station.
I have used, or at least studied, the instruction set and the Assembly
Language for the above computers.
Latter I will list the Languages that I have worked with.
Sometimes called the "Higher Level Languages". I think that is
bad terminology. The highest level should be the binary for the machine,
and the lowest would be whatever is furthermost from the actual machine
instructions. This would extend Down to just supplying data for
an application.
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